The eCMR or electronic consignment note is an essential solution to further drive the digitization of road freight transport.
Although it is an essential solution, its implementation is not widespread due to regulatory uncertainty, the absence of a leader to initiate change and the culture of change rejection that has traditionally accompanied the road.
In this article, we discuss in depth what eCMR is, how it is regulated in Spain, its regulatory evolution and the key time horizons that will mark its mandatory adoption. In addition, we explore how companies can anticipate and benefit from this digital transformation.
The CMR or consignment note is a road transport document that formalizes the contract for the shipment of goods. In other words, this document proves the existence of a contractual relationship between a shipper and a transport company and sets out the terms of the contract.
In line with the digital transformation, the CMR has evolved to its paperless version, giving way to the digital consignment note or eCMR.
This version has the same functionality and legal guarantee as the traditional one and, although it is not yet mandatory, the eCMR in Spain is much more advanced than in other European countries.
The CMR was born in 1956 in Geneva with the signing of the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR).
However, the CMR in Spain was not created until May 13, 1974, when Spain’s Instrument of Accession to the Convention was approved.
Although digitization seems to be a trend born a few years ago, it was in 2008 when the Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road, relating to the electronic consignment note, i.e. the eCMR, was adopted in Geneva.
The electronic CMR in Spain arrived with its accession in August 2011 to the aforementioned Additional Protocol. As stated in the text, “any consignment note issued in accordance with this Protocol shall be deemed equivalent to the consignment note referred to in the Convention, and shall therefore have the same evidentiary force and produce the same effects as the latter”.
In this way, the digital consignment note or eCMR in Spain was legally protected and progress was made in the digital transformation of road freight transport.
The consignment note, in both its traditional and digital versions, must be issued in three original copies, signed by the sender and the carrier. As stated in the CMR Protocol in Spain, the first copy will be sent to the sender, the second will accompany the goods and the third will be retained by the carrier.
In the digital version, the costs of issuance and custody of this transport document are eliminated as all the agents involved receive the eCMR on their devices.
As stated in the Instrument of Accession of Spain to the CMR Convention, the consignment note, whether in paper or electronic format, must contain the following information:
The eCMR Protocol in Spain also establishes that other indications may be added if required, as well as any other information deemed appropriate:
The regulations for CMR and eCMR in Spain are alive and well and, as new needs are detected, new modifications to the original regulations are approved.
The eCMR Protocol in Spain underwent a new regulatory modification with Royal Decree-Law 14/2022, of August 1, on economic sustainability measures in the field of transport.
This regulatory text stipulated the obligation to formalize a consignment note if the transport price exceeds 150 euros, with the aim of shielding the transport contract in an evidentiary manner.
In this case, the consignment note must include the following mandatory mentions:
On May 22, 2023, an amendment to the Regulations of the Land Transport Management Law (ROTT) was published.
Specifically, with regard to the characteristics that must be met by the supports and computer applications of the control documentation to be completed electronically.
Thus, the eCMR or digital consignment note in Spain will only have legal and juridical validity when the consigned data are accessible to any person authorized to do so; the storage of the data and the sending of documents is guaranteed; and they have the electronic signatures of all the intervening parties with the following characteristics:
The latest amendment to the ROTT also clarifies the system of control of transport documentation in electronic format by the agents of the road transport surveillance forces.
This modification estimates two control systems:
The Sustainable Mobility Law will make the control document in digital format mandatory.
In its 8th transitory provision, it stipulates that “the administrative control document required for the performance of public road freight transport must necessarily be digital as of September 1, 2024”.
In other words, eCMR in Spain should be mandatory from the third quarter of 2024. However, the delay in the approval of the Sustainable Mobility Law means that this date is no longer valid and we will have to wait for its final approval.
The European Union established the framework for the development of the electronic transport document within the EU with Regulation (EU) 2020/1055.
This regulation determines the ways to submit the documentation to the authorized agents in charge of transport control in the Member State.
The text states that during the roadside check, the driver will be authorized to contact the head office, the transport manager or any other person or entity in order to provide the electronic consignment note. However, it does not establish a clear time horizon for its entry into force.
The eFTI Regulation, Electronic Freight Transport Information, will also affect eCMR in Spain.
This Regulation establishes a legal framework for the electronic communication of regulatory information relating to the carriage of goods on the territory of the Union between the economic operators concerned and the competent authorities.
According to the text, from July 2027 all administrations will be obliged to accept transport documentation in electronic format. However, it is not until 2029 that the mandatory use of electronic documentation, such as the eCMR, could be approved for all stakeholders.
Adopting eCMR goes far beyond a legal obligation. It is an opportunity to modernize road transport with immediate benefits.
With all of the above, it is of vital importance that the eCRM system implemented in a transport company, in a loading company or in a logistics operator meets all the regulatory requirements set out in the previous points.
In this regard, the FIELDEAS SeamLess eCMR SeamLess eCMR from FIELDEAS Track and Trace is one of the few in the market that offers complete legal and regulatory guarantees, as it has the capacity to include all the information required depending on the type of transport and to include advanced digital signatures in the processing of the documentation, as well as guaranteeing the integrity of the information in the custody of the document.
In addition, the FIELDEAS Track and Trace solution allows cargo information to be verifiable by the authorities, either through a numerical code or through a QR code.
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